GSP250

Overview

Google Chat bots provide easy-to-use access points to your organization's data and services. Users can converse with bots within a chat experience.

One way to create a Google Chat bot is to use Google Apps Script. This also gives you easy access to other Google services like Drive, Gmail, Calendar, Docs, Sheets, and much more.

In this lab, you use Google Apps Script to create a simple Google Chat bot, which you'll name "Attendance Bot". The bot integrates with Gmail to set a user's vacation responder and integrates with Calendar to put a meeting on the user's calendar.

What you'll learn

In this lab, you perform the following tasks:

• Add handlers in events raised in Google Chat.
• Parse event objects sent from Google Chat.
• Respond to Google Chat with card-formatted responses.
• Define and react to custom actions for button clicks in cards.

Setup and requirements

Before you click the Start Lab button

Read these instructions. Labs are timed and you cannot pause them. The timer, which starts when you click Start Lab, shows how long Google Cloud resources will be made available to you.

This hands-on lab lets you do the lab activities yourself in a real cloud environment, not in a simulation or demo environment. It does so by giving you new, temporary credentials that you use to sign in and access Google Cloud for the duration of the lab.

To complete this lab, you need:

• Access to a standard internet browser (Chrome browser recommended).

Note: Use an Incognito or private browser window to run this lab. This prevents any conflicts between your personal account and the Student account, which may cause extra charges incurred to your personal account.

• Time to complete the lab---remember, once you start, you cannot pause a lab.

Note: If you already have your own personal Google Cloud account or project, do not use it for this lab to avoid extra charges to your account.

How to start your lab and sign in to the Google Cloud console

1. Click the Start Lab button. If you need to pay for the lab, a pop-up opens for you to select your payment method. On the left is the Lab Details panel with the following:

   • The Open Google Cloud console button
   • Time remaining
   • The temporary credentials that you must use for this lab
   • Other information, if needed, to step through this lab

2. Click Open Google Cloud console (or right-click and select Open Link in Incognito Window if you are running the Chrome browser).

   The lab spins up resources, and then opens another tab that shows the Sign in page.

   Tip: Arrange the tabs in separate windows, side-by-side.

   Note: If you see the Choose an account dialog, click Use Another Account.

3. If necessary, copy the Username below and paste it into the Sign in dialog.

   {{{user_0.username | "Username"}}}

   You can also find the Username in the Lab Details panel.

4. Click Next.

5. Copy the Password below and paste it into the Welcome dialog.

   {{{user_0.password | "Password"}}}

   You can also find the Password in the Lab Details panel.

6. Click Next.

   Important: You must use the credentials the lab provides you. Do not use your Google Cloud account credentials. Note: Using your own Google Cloud account for this lab may incur extra charges.

7. Click through the subsequent pages:

   • Accept the terms and conditions.
   • Do not add recovery options or two-factor authentication (because this is a temporary account).
   • Do not sign up for free trials.

After a few moments, the Google Cloud console opens in this tab.

Note: To view a menu with a list of Google Cloud products and services, click the Navigation menu at the top-left.

Task 1. Create handlers for Google Chat events

To implement your bot, create a new Google Apps Script project.

Note: Signing into Google Cloud console sets your project and credentials. Before you click the Google Apps Script editor link in Step 1, be sure you have signed into the Google Cloud console.

1. Click this Google Apps Script editor link to open the Google Apps Script online editor.

2. Click Untitled project (the current name).

3. In the Edit project name dialog, rename the project to Attendance Bot, and then click Rename.

Events in Google Chat

Most Apps Script bot interactions with Google Chat are event-driven. The interaction between the user, the bot, and Google Chat typically follows a sequence.

1. A user initiates an action, like adding a bot to a room, starting a direct message (DM) with a bot, or removing the bot from a room.
2. The action raises an event aimed at the bot in Google Chat.
3. Google Chat calls the corresponding event handler defined in the bot's script.

Google Chat raises four events that your Apps Script bot can listen for:

• ADDED_TO_SPACE: This event occurs when a human user adds a bot to a room or a DM. In Apps Script, you define an onAddToSpace() function to handle this event.
• REMOVED_FROM_SPACE: This event occurs when a user removes the bot from a room or DM. This event does not post a response back to Google Chat. In Apps Script, you define an onRemoveFromSpace() function to handle this event.
• MESSAGE: This event occurs when a user messages the bot, either directly in a DM or as an @mention in a room. In Apps Script, you define an onMessage() function to respond to this event.
• CARD_CLICKED: This event occurs when the user clicks a button with a custom action assigned to it. In Apps Script, you define an onCardClick() function to respond to this event.

Create the ADDED_TO_SPACE and REMOVE_FROM_SPACE events

1. To define the handlers for the ADDED_TO_SPACE and REMOVE_FROM_SPACE events, replace the contents of the Code.gs file with the following code. (You add handlers for the MESSAGE and CARD_CLICKED events later in this lab.)

Code.gs

/** * Responds to an ADDED_TO_SPACE event in Google Chat. * @param {object} event the event object from Google Chat * @return {object} JSON-formatted response * @see https://developers.google.com/chat/reference/message-formats/events */ function onAddToSpace(event) { console.info(event); var message = 'Thank you for adding me to '; if (event.space.type === 'DM') { message += 'a DM, ' + event.user.displayName + '!'; } else { message += event.space.displayName; } console.log('Attendance Bot added in ', event.space.name); return { text: message }; } /** * Responds to a REMOVED_FROM_SPACE event in Google Chat. * @param {object} event the event object from Google Chat * @see https://developers.google.com/chat/reference/message-formats/events */ function onRemoveFromSpace(event) { console.info(event); console.log('Bot removed from ', event.space.name); }

2. Click Save project () in the top action bar to save the file.

Task 2. Publish the bot

Before you can run and test the bot, the Google Chat API must be enabled for your Google Cloud project, and your bot must be published to Google Chat. To do this, you:

• Update the manifest file.
• Enable the and configure the Google Chat bot.

Update the manifest file

The Apps Script editor hides manifest files by default to protect Apps Script project settings. So you need to make the manifest files visible.

1. In the left panel, click Project Settings ().
2. Check Show "appsscript.json" manifest file in editor in the General settings section.

If you go back to the Editor (), the appsscript.json file should now be available.

3. Edit the appsscript.json file. Under the line: "exceptionLogging": "STACKDRIVER", add the new line:

"chat": {},

4. Click Save to save the () appsscript.json project.

Your manifest file should look similar to the following example:

appsscript.json

{ "timeZone": "Asia/Kolkata", "dependencies": { }, "exceptionLogging": "STACKDRIVER", "chat": {}, "runtimeVersion": "V8" }

Configure the Google Cloud project and update the script to use it

1. Go to the Google Cloud console, click the Navigation menu () in the upper left and navigate to APIs & Services > OAuth consent screen.

2. Set User Type to Internal and click Create.

3. On the next page, (the OAuth consent screen), configure the following:

Field	Value
App name	Attendance Bot
User support email	Select the email ID from the drop-down. This is also your User Email in the left panel of the lab instructions.
Developer contact information

4. Click Save and Continue.
5. On the next page (Scopes), leave all the fields empty, and then click Save and Continue.

As shown in the next page (Summary), the OAuth Consent Screen is now created for your app.

6. Click Back to Dashboard at the bottom of the page.
7. Click the More icon () in the upper right to expand the menu and select Project settings.
8. Record the Project number to use in the next step to configure your project.
9. In the App Script editor, navigate to the Project Settings ().
10. Under Google Cloud Platform (GCP) Project, click Change project.
11. When prompted, enter the Project number value, copied earlier, in the GCP Project number field. Then click Set project.

Configure and publish the chat bot

1. Go to the Apps Script editor and get the Deployment ID. You do this by clicking on Deploy > New Deployment in the top-right of the screen.
2. In the Description field, enter App Script lab bot, and click Deploy.
3. Note down the Deployment ID to use later and click Done.
4. Go to the Google Cloud console, navigate to Navigation Menu () > APIs & Services > Library.
5. In the Library, search for Google Chat API. Select the API from the list of results.
6. By default, the Google Chat API is already enabled. If it is not enabled, click Enable.
7. Click Manage and then click the Configuration tab under the Google Chat API section.
8. In the Configuration dialog, set the fields with the following values:

Field	Value
App name	Attendance Bot
Avatar URL	https://goo.gl/kv2ENA
Description	Apps Script lab bot
Functionality	Receive 1:1 messages
Connection settings	Check Apps Script project, and then paste your script's Deployment ID into the Deployment ID field
Visibility	Enter

9. Click SAVE.

10. After the changes are saved, scroll to the top of the Configuration dialog to update the App Status to LIVE – available to users. You may have to reload the browser page to see the App Status field.

11. Click SAVE again.

Test the bot

To test your bot in Google Chat, do the following:

1. Click the Google Chat link to open Google Chat.
2. Select Start a chat () in the Chat section.
3. From the list, search for Attendance bot, from the results, select the Attendance Bot, Apps Script lab bot that you created, and click Start chat.

When the direct message thread opens, you should see a message from the bot thanking you for adding it to a DM.

Click Check my progress to verify the objective.

Publish and test the bot

Task 3. Define a card-formatted response

In the previous step, your bot responded to Google Chat events with a simple text response. In this step, you update your bot to respond with cards.

Card responses

Google Chat supports the use of cards for responses. Cards are visual containers that allow you to group sets of user interface widgets together. Cards can display headers, text paragraphs, sets of buttons, images, and key/value text. Your bot can define one or many cards in its JSON response to Google Chat, which then translates your response into the corresponding UI elements.

The following image shows a card response with three sections that includes a header, a key/value widget, an image widget, and a text button.

1. To respond to user messages with a card response, in Apps Script, click Editor (), and then add the following code to your bot's Code.gs file:

Code.gs

var DEFAULT_IMAGE_URL = 'https://goo.gl/bMqzYS'; var HEADER = { header: { title : 'Attendance Bot', subtitle : 'Log your vacation time', imageUrl : DEFAULT_IMAGE_URL } }; /** * Creates a card-formatted response. * @param {object} widgets the UI components to send * @return {object} JSON-formatted response */ function createCardResponse(widgets) { return { cards: [HEADER, { sections: [{ widgets: widgets }] }] }; } /** * Responds to a MESSAGE event triggered * in Google Chat. * * @param event the event object from Google Chat * @return JSON-formatted response */ function onMessage(event) { var userMessage = event.message.text; var widgets = [{ "textParagraph": { "text": "You said: " + userMessage } }]; console.log('You said:', userMessage); return createCardResponse(widgets); }

2. Click Save () to save the Code.gs file.

• The onMessage() function, added in this step, reads the user's original message and constructs a response as a simple TextParagragh widget.
• The onMessage() function then calls createCardResponse(), which places the TextParagraph widget within a section of a single card.
• The bot returns the JavaScript object constructed with the card response to Google Chat.

Deploy this version of the script.

1. Click Deploy > Manage deployments in the top-right of the screen.
2. Click on the Edit icon () associated with your deployment, and select New version from the Version drop-down.
3. Click Deploy to replace the previous version. This updates the deployment to use the new version of the script.
4. Click Done.

Test the bot

• To retest this bot, simply go back to your direct message with the bot in Google Chat and type a message (any message will do).

The Attendance bot should respond with a Log your vacation time card.

Note: The onMessage() event handler parses the event object passed to it by Google Chat to extract the user's original message. You can also get other types of information about the event, including the name of the user that initiated the event, their email address, the name of the room that the event occurred in, and much more.

For more information about the structure of the event objects sent by Google Chat, you can refer to the Event formats reference guide.

Click Check my progress to verify the objective.

Test the bot in card-formatted response

Task 4. React to button clicks in cards

In the previous step, your bot responded to a message from a user—a MESSAGE event—with a simple card that contained a TextParagragh widget. In this step, you will create a response that includes buttons, where each button has a custom action defined for it.

Interactive cards

Card responses can contain one of two types of buttons: TextButton widgets, which display text-only buttons; and ImageButton widgets, which display a button with a simple icon or image without text.

Both TextButton and ImageButton widgets support one of two onClick behaviors (as defined in the JSON response sent back to Google Chat): either openLink or action. As the name implies, openLink opens a specified link in a new browser tab.

The action object, however, specifies a custom action for the button to perform. You can specify several arbitrary values in the action object, including a unique actionMethodName and a set of key / value parameter pairs.

Specifying an action object for the button creates an interactive card. When the user clicks the button in the message, Google Chat raises a CARD_CLICKED event and sends a request back to the bot that sent the original message. The bot then needs to handle the event raised from Google Chat and return a response back to the space.

Add buttons to the card

1. Return to Apps Script and click Editor() in the Files panel.
2. In Code.gs, replace the onMessage() function with the following code. This code creates two buttons, a Set vacation in Gmail and a Block out day in Calendar button in the card sent to Google Chat.

Code.gs

var REASON = { SICK: 'Out sick', OTHER: 'Out of office' }; /** * Responds to a MESSAGE event triggered in Google Chat. * @param {object} event the event object from Google Chat * @return {object} JSON-formatted response */ function onMessage(event) { console.info(event); var reason = REASON.OTHER; var name = event.user.displayName; var userMessage = event.message.text; // If the user said that they were 'sick', adjust the image in the // header sent in response. if (userMessage.indexOf('sick') > -1) { // Hospital material icon HEADER.header.imageUrl = 'https://goo.gl/mnZ37b'; reason = REASON.SICK; } else if (userMessage.indexOf('vacation') > -1) { // Spa material icon HEADER.header.imageUrl = 'https://goo.gl/EbgHuc'; } var widgets = [{ textParagraph: { text: 'Hello, ' + name + '.
Are you taking time off today?' } }, { buttons: [{ textButton: { text: 'Set vacation in Gmail', onClick: { action: { actionMethodName: 'turnOnAutoResponder', parameters: [{ key: 'reason', value: reason }] } } } }, { textButton: { text: 'Block out day in Calendar', onClick: { action: { actionMethodName: 'blockOutCalendar', parameters: [{ key: 'reason', value: reason }] } } } }] }]; return createCardResponse(widgets); }

3. To handle the CARD_CLICKED event, add the onCardClick() function to your bot's script (in this case, the onCardClick() function for Code.gs) to the end of the script.

Code.gs

/** * Responds to a CARD_CLICKED event triggered in Google Chat. * @param {object} event the event object from Google Chat * @return {object} JSON-formatted response * @see https://developers.google.com/chat/reference/message-formats/events */ function onCardClick(event) { console.info(event); var message = ''; var reason = event.action.parameters[0].value; if (event.action.actionMethodName == 'turnOnAutoResponder') { turnOnAutoResponder(reason); message = 'Turned on vacation settings.'; } else if (event.action.actionMethodName == 'blockOutCalendar') { blockOutCalendar(reason); message = 'Blocked out your calendar for the day.'; } else { message = "I'm sorry; I'm not sure which button you clicked."; } return { text: message }; }

In responding to user clicks, now the bot does one of two things: It sets the user's vacation responder in Gmail to an "out of office" message; or it schedules an all-day meeting on the user's Calendar. To accomplish these tasks, the bot calls the Gmail advanced service and the Calendar Apps Script API.

4. Add the following code to your script to integrate the bot with Gmail and Calendar:

Code.gs

var ONE_DAY_MILLIS = 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000; /** * Turns on the user's vacation response for today in Gmail. * @param {string} reason the reason for vacation, either REASON.SICK or REASON.OTHER */ function turnOnAutoResponder(reason) { var currentTime = (new Date()).getTime(); Gmail.Users.Settings.updateVacation({ enableAutoReply: true, responseSubject: reason, responseBodyHtml: "I'm out of the office today; will be back on the next business day.

Created by Attendance Bot!", restrictToContacts: true, restrictToDomain: true, startTime: currentTime, endTime: currentTime + ONE_DAY_MILLIS }, 'me'); } /** * Places an all-day meeting on the user's Calendar. * @param {string} reason the reason for vacation, either REASON.SICK or REASON.OTHER */ function blockOutCalendar(reason) { CalendarApp.createAllDayEvent(reason, new Date(), new Date(Date.now() + ONE_DAY_MILLIS)); }

5. Click Save () to save the Code.gs file.
6. On the Services tab, click Add a service () and select Gmail API from the list.
7. Click Add.

Next, you update your project with this version of the script.

1. Select Deploy > Manage deployments in the top-right corner.
2. Click the Edit icon () of your deployment and select New version from the Version drop-down menu.
3. Click Deploy to save the version. This updates the deployment to use the new version of the script.
4. Click Done.

Finally, check to be sure the Gmail Advanced Service is enabled in this project. To check the Gmail API status, do the following:

1. In the Google Cloud console, navigate to Navigation Menu () and select > APIs & Services > Library.
2. In the Library, search for Gmail API. Select the API from the list of results.
3. The Gmail API is already enabled for you. If it is not, click Enable.

Test the bot

1. To test this version of your bot, open the DM that you started in previous steps in Google Chat and type I'm sick. The bot should respond with a card similar to the image below.

2. To configure the Attendance Bot, click Configure, choose your user account, click ALLOW, and then close the page when you see the message "You may close this page now".

Now the bot displays the available options.

3. Click SET VACATION IN GMAIL. You should see the message "Turned on vacation settings."

4. Click BLOCK OUT DAY IN CALENDAR. You should see the message "Blocked out your calendar for the day."

5. Click the Google Apps icon to access and check the Gmail and Calendar associated with this account.

You should see the Vacation Setting in Gmail.

You should also see a day blocked out in the Calendar.

Click Check my progress to verify the objective.

Test the bot by button clicking in cards

Congratulations!

You created a bot that responds to user messages, sets their vacation responder in Gmail, and puts an all-day event on their Calendar.

Finish your quest

This self-paced lab is part of the Workspace Integrations quest. A quest is a series of related labs that form a learning path. Completing this quest earns you a badge to recognize your achievement. You can make your badge or badges public and link to them in your online resume or social media account. Enroll in this quest and get immediate completion credit. Refer to the catalog for all available quests.

Take your next lab

Check out what else you can do with Workspace:

• Google Apps Script: Access Google Sheets, Maps & Gmail in 4 Lines of Code

Learn more

• Google Chat documentation site
• Apps Script bot quickstart
• Create new bots
• Publish bots
• Create interactive cards
• Cards reference
• Event object reference
• Gmail advanced service reference
• Calendar Apps Script API reference
• Google Workspace Learning Center

Manual Last Updated March 14, 2024

Lab Last Tested March 14, 2024

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